Introduction to the x window system pdf

X window system computer system handbooks, manuals, etc publisher. X window system administrators guide internet archive. Programming in the x window system is centred on a window. Moon this document is a draft copy of a portion of dithe l. It is frequently used in conjunction with the unix operating system. Introduction to windows 8 windows 8 is a completely redesigned operating system developed from the ground up with touchscreen use in mind as well as near instanton capabilities that enable a windows 8 pc to load and start up in a matter of seconds rather than in minutes.

X11, designed in 1987, was state of the art at that time. The x window system, known simply as x, is a portable, networktransparent window system which runs on many different computers. The intention of the xproject has been to provide tools not rules, which allows their basic system to. Below is a rough outline of the most important sections. Although it is frequently used on unix workstations it can be used on almost any computer.

Glx for x window system agl for mac wgl for microsoft windows no portability glut opengl utility toolkit glut provides basic functions to operate windows. From its inception, x has been a network transparent window system in which x client applications can run on any machine in a network using an x server running on any display. In the x window system, the program xwd x window dump captures the content of a screen or of a window and optionally saves it into a file. For a brief essential section on why guis are useful please go to why use guis like unix x has a development history. Introduction to the x window system out of printlimited availability. Based programming opengl is independent of window systems. An application like chrome, ms word, games, etc needs some environment in which it will run and perform its task.

On the server, the configuration file is called xorgconfig. The x window system was first developed in 1984, as part of project athena, a collaboration between stanford university and mit. A clientserver system can be scaled with only a slight performance impact horizontally, i. It provides a public protocol by which client programs can query and update information on x servers. No functions for window operations, such as creating, resizing, event handling, this is to ensure portability across different platforms now we have a problem. An introduction to x by the linux information project linfo. Documentation for the x window system version 11 release 7. Hello wayland, goodbye x11 the year of the linux desktop. I t is a system program that controls, coordinates and manipulates overall desktop publishing operations. The only available guide to mits version 11 of the x window system a windowing program for engineering workstations that run on unix. Windows nt new technology was a lot more reliable than windows 3. The only available guide to mits version 11 of the x.

Apr 14, 2020 an operating system os is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware. Bill gates and paul allen were childhood friends at lakeside school, seattle, and both basic programmers. The os helps you to communicate with the computer without. In general, such systems are known as windowing systems.

X provides the basic framework for a gui environment. The start button on the left provides access to all the programs, data files, and other features available on your computer. Sun terminals which are big, white, and very common at socs use a graphic user interface called x, similar to the standard macintosh environment or windows on a pc. But if instead of x you see a text screen, type startx to boot x.

Moreover, x11 is networkbased, enabling applications started on one host to be displayed on another host connected over any kind of network lan or internet. Textbased hp smh has text alternatives to the x window displays if display is not set or there is no active x window client. Introduction to the x window system by oliver jones. X window system computer system handbooks, manuals, etc publisher sabastopol, ca. The majority of the book covers xlib, although a short coverage of xcb is also given. While others have shown what the x window system has available, this book shows how to convert this potential into working tools to fulfil your visualisation needs. A program named xming is a free x window system server for microsoft windows. Introduction to the x window system this chapter introduces many of the most important concepts on which the x window system is based, and describes the environment in which the x toolkit operates. On a nonhpux client system, such as one running microsoft windows, you may need to install a thirdparty client program. The programs sax2 and xf86config create the file xf86config, by default in etcx11.

Introduction the x window system is an advanced, graphical computing and network environment that was designed from the ground up as a multiuser system. It will also run correctly under x11r4, x11r5 and under sun openwindows. This appendix provides just enough information about using x so that if you are not familiar with it you will nonetheless be able to get started. An introduction to the x window system robert lupton this is a limited and partisan introduction to the x window system, which is widely but improperly known as x windows, speci. After the release of version 10 of x hereafter called x10 from mit in the fall of 1985, and. Using x 1 chapter 1 an introduction to the x window system 5 anatomy of an x display 5 x architecture overview the x display server 14 clients 15 the window manager 15 thexterm terminal emulator 16 the display manager 17 other standard x clients 17 customizing clients 19 chapter 2 getting started 23 starting x 23. The book is therefore suitable both for beginning courses in operating systems and for introductory courses on how windows operating system functions. Prior to discussing the history of windows, here is a brief introduction to how microsoft began. This chapter assumes that you are new to programming the x window system. X nonrectangular window shape extension library, version 1.

After the release of version 10 of x hereafter called x10 from mit in the fall of 1985, and its release as a product under ultrix1 the following january, many people at several corporations. The client is the program, such as those which will be. Introduction to windows 10 akronsummit county public. If you are not familiar with the basic concepts surrounding x and its related components, you should first read the x window system architecture. A brief introduction the x window system, commonly referred to merely as x, is a highly configurable, crossplatform, complete and free clientserver system for managing graphical user interfaces guis on single computers and on networks of computers. The x window system version 11 3 introduction the x window system has become widely used over the last several years. The x window system x11, or simply x is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on unixlike operating systems x provides the basic framework for a gui environment. At a very basic level, x draws the elements of the gui on the users screen and builds in methods for sending user interactions back to. Introduction to windows free online training courses.

While it emphasizes the linux operating system and the xfree86 implementation of the x window system see below, most of its contents apply to all implementations. Oct 01, 1988 introduction to the x window system book. The linux documentation projects x window user howto document is a good introduction to the x window system. The x window system, commonly referred to merely as x, is a highly configurable, crossplatform, complete and free clientserver system for managing graphical user interfaces guis on single computers and on networks of computers x is a large and complex system, with a level of complexity comparable to that of an operating system itself. Introduction the x window system has become widely used over the last several years. The intention of the x project has been to provide tools not rules, which allows their basic system to. Introduction the x window system or simply x developed at mit has achieved fairly widespread popularity recently, particularly in the unix1 community. X does not mandate the user interface this is handled by individual programs. Starting your computer before starting your computer make sure you do not have a diskette in your a drive to start your computer just turn on the power switch or power bar the computer will take a few minutes to go through its initialization procedure and you will. Question id 1055 a gui is intended to provide users a visual way of issuing commands to the computer through the use of wimp. Title bar the top line of the window is called the title bar, and displays the name of the corresponding program or folder.

In this paper we present an overview of x, focusing on the system substrate and the lowlevel facilities provided to build applications and to manage the desktop. On the business front, windows nt continued to develop with the release of version 3. Jun 06, 2012 documentation for the x window system version 11 release 7. The portable document format pdf is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Starting your computer before starting your computer make sure you do not have a diskette in your a drive to start your computer just turn on the power switch or power bar the computer will take a few minutes to go through its initialization procedure and you will eventually see your desktop and icons. I t is a system program that controls, coordinates and manipulates overall. An introduction to the x window system robert lupton this is a limited and partisan introduction to the x window system, which is widely but improperly known as xwindows, speci. It is being published in this form now to make it available, since the complete window systcm manual is unlikely to. That protocol is a series of messages that are passed between the client and the server. Introduction to unix and the x window system scott d. Introduction to using the window system daniel weinrcb david a. The x window system x11, or simply x is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on unixlike operating systems.

Introduction to ms windows xp 7 2009 centre for educational technology, university of cape town working with windows lets start by identifying the various components of a typical window, and how they are used. The x window system is also known simply as x, x11 or x windows. Windows operating system introduction authorstream presentation. Org foundation, an open group, manages the development and standardization of the x window system. In x window, the clientserver relationship is reversed from the usual. The x window user howto linux documentation project. In this paper we present an overview of x, focusing on the system substrate and the. The x window system sometimes referred to as x or as xwindows is an open, crossplatform, clientserver system for managing a windowed graphical user interface in a distributed network. Each section starts with the keyword section and ends with endsection. The x window system is a graphics system primarily used on unix systems and, less commonly, on vms, mvs, and mswindows systems that provides an inherently clientserver oriented base for displaying windowed graphics. Progsoc steering subcommittee for examination of graphical user interfaces.

It is being published in this form now to make it available, since the complete window systcm manual is unlikely to be finished in the near future. In 1993 microsoft divided the operating system into two categories. The x window system, version 11, is the standard window system on linux and unix systems. Introduction to linux a hands on guide machtelt garrels, garrels.

Introduction to ms windows xp 4 2009 centre for educational technology, university of cape town the taskbar the taskbar lies across the bottom edge of your screen. The x window system tm provides the base technology for developing graphical user interfaces. Toggling the windows icon on the bottom left will switch between your desktop screen and. At a very basic level, x draws the elements of the gui on the users screen and builds in methods for sending user interactions back to the application. It currently runs on almost any kind of computer, from pc hardware to big mainframes and supercomputers. The book provides both an introduction to operating systems in general and to windows operating system in particular. Popular platforms include workstations from companies such as sun microsystems inc, and silicon graphics inc. Every computer must have at least one os to run other programs. The x server maintains exclusive control of the display and services requests from the clients. The following paragraphs describe the structure of the configuration file etcx11xf86config. Introduction to the x window system pigi uses the x window system, version 11 release 6 x11r6. Configuring x window system if youre installing x on a system that doesnt have it, most modern installations are smart enough to be able to automatically detect your video hardware, as well as the pointing device youre using. To use the x window system, you must have an x window system server installed on your computer.